# Executors and crypto — seed phrases, exchanges and probate

Executors should secure devices, contact exchanges with death certificates, obtain probate valuations, and never publish seed phrases. Seek legal and technical help if needed.

## Key facts
- Exchanges have their own bereavement processes.
- Hardware wallets need the recovery phrase or device access.
- Do not transfer crypto until you understand legal authority.
- Capital Gains Tax may apply if the estate sells crypto later.

## First steps

Secure phones, laptops and hardware wallets. Document what you find. Contact exchanges with the death certificate and grant of probate when available.
## Seed phrases

If the deceased left secure instructions, follow them privately. Never email seed phrases or store them in probate papers that become public.

For arrangements made before they are needed, see the [secure inheritance-access guide](https://digital-assets.co.uk/storage/crypto-inheritance-access/).

## Visual explanation
Plan for ownership and access
01. Inventory: Record what exists and where the records are kept.
02. Legal instructions: Document your wishes and the appropriate executor role.
03. Secure access plan: Arrange a safe recovery process without exposing secrets.
An executor needs to identify the assets and follow a secure access process. Legal instructions and private-key security need to work together; do not publish recovery phrases.

## FAQs
### Can an exchange refuse to release crypto?

Exchanges follow their terms and UK law. Executors may need probate documents and proof of authority.

## Sources

- [Law Commission — Digital assets project](https://lawcom.gov.uk/project/digital-assets/)

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— Digital Assets UK (https://digital-assets.co.uk/estate/executors-crypto-estates/), reviewed 2026-06-23. Source: https://lawcom.gov.uk/project/digital-assets/